Calenders



Feb. 14, 1961 R HOLD 2,971,457

CALENDERS Filed Aug. 13, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 I El H l '5444,

f5 mailE lll/Z Q12/ JM MKM ATTORNEYS Feb. 14, 1961 P. HOLD 2,971,457

CALENDERS Filed Aug. 13, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 /3/ 55 l, /5 /4/5 10 V 54 Z5 H Vf EJ; 33 i HJ-1h' 1 fe 27H; 37

ATTORNEY Feb. 14, 1961 P. HOLD 2,971,457

CALENDERS Filed Aug. 13, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR `6,2222., 7L/M( ByJM/LMA PRES sum: souRcf; ATTORNEY UnitedStates Patent O CALENDERS Peter Hold, Milford, Conn., assgnor to Farrel-Birmng` ham Company, Incorporated, Ansonia, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Filed Aug. 13, 1958, Ser. No. 754,791

Claims. (Cl. 10o-163) This invention relates to calenders and more particularly to a calender for use in paper manufacture or similar purposes although it will be understood that the invention is applicable to the roll stands of such devices used for other purposes.

In calenders employed for sheeting material such as paper, for example, and particularly where a number of rolls are provided, one above the other, and the journal boxes in which the rolls are carried are mounted Lfor sliding movement in the end stands, the weight of the upper rolls is borne by the` lower rolls so that the bottom roll bears the weight of the entire stack. Some of the rolls, and particularly the bottom roll, are usually crowned to some extent in order that the nip pressure will be constant throughout the length of the roll and the resulting product will be of uniform gauge.

'I'he weight of the upper rolls bearing upon those below will bring about a certain amount of bending of the rolls and, in order to produce a sheet having uniform gauge, the crown of the bottom roll must be gauged accordingly. In some instances, it may be desirable, for the particular work which is being processed, to employ a roll with a lesser or greater crown than that which has been provided for the-bottom roll of the mill or to control the effect that the weight of the upper rolls has upon the crownof the bottom roll, for example.

It is 4contemplated by the present invention to effect a uniform' contact between the various rolls over the length thereof and even nip pressure between the rolls by controlling to some extent the weight of the upper rolls which must be carried by those below. To this end means are provided to engage the journals or bearings in which the roll necks are mounted and exert either upward or downward pressure upon the bearings so as either to increase or decrease the load carried by the rolls and, therefore, the pressure exerted thereby on the bottom roll. Moreover, it is preferred that each rollbe individually controlled so that the pressure applied to one of the lowermost rolls, for example, whether upward pressure or downward pressure, may vary from that applied to the upper rolls. With such a construction not only may an even nip pressure be obtained and also uniform contact between the various rolls, but also the nip pressure may be adjusted and made greater or less as desired.

As illustrated in the drawings, levers are provided which may be adjusted hydraulically and means are provided on these levers to engage the journal bearings of the rolls and either apply pressure thereto or carry a part of the weight of the rolls, depending upon the results desired. These levers are conveniently arranged so that they may be moved by hydraulic cylinders connected to a source of pressure fluid and eachA cylinder has its control valve so that the pressure may be individually adjusted as required.

One object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved calender construction for use in sheeting various materials. l

A further object of the invention is the provision of a calender having a plurality of rolls arranged one vertically upon the other with means for applying pressure to the journals in which the roll necks are carried in order to effect uniform contact and an even nip pressure be tween the rolls.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a calender of the character described wherein means are provided between the journals carrying the roll necks to apply pressure to the journals and thus control the weight carried by the lower rolls, the adjusting means being hydraulically actuated.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a calender having a plurality of rolls arranged `one above the other with means for individually adjusting the weight of certain of the upper rolls which is carried by the lower rolls, this adjusting means being individual to the rolls so that even nip pressure and uniform contact between the various rolls may be provided. l

To these and other ends the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is an end elevational view of a calender embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

, Fig. 4 is a sectional lview on line 4 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5-5 of Fig. l;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic front elevational view showing downward pressure being applied to the journal bearings;

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the connections of the various hydraulic cylinders to a source of pressure; and

Fig. S is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing an arrangement for application of an upward pressure to the roll journals.

As illustrated in the drawings, the calender comprises a pair of end stands 10 and 11, each of which is provided with a vertically extending window or opening 12 in which a plurality of journal bearings 13 are mounted, each of these bearings being provided with a tenon 14 slidable in a vertically extending groove 15 in the end stands. It will be understood that the construction is the same at both ends of the calender, and in4 these journal bearings are rotatably mounted the necks 16 of a plurality of rolls shown at 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21.

The roll 21 which is the lowermost of those previously described is sometimes designated as the queen roll and this roll rests upon a king roll 22 also having roll necks rotatably mounted in the end stands, usually in fixed position as distinguished from the bearings of the other rolls which, as stated, are mounted to slide freely in a vertical direction. It may here be noted that the journals 13 are spaced apart to some extent so that each of the rolls previously described rests upon the adjacent lower roll, the entire weight normally being carried by the king roll 22.

In order to be able to adjust the pressures upon the rolls above the king roll and to provide for even and uniform pressure between them, a plurality 0f levers 23 are provided, each of these levers being pivoted at one end to a bracket 25 secured to an adjacent portion of the end stand. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, each of the brackets 25 carries a sleeve `26 in which is rotatably mounted a pin 27 to which the associated lever 23 is secured, thus providing a pivotal mounting for the lever about the axis of this pin.v At this other end each of the levers is provided with a pin 29 to which is secured an arm 30 having a bifurcated end 31 pivoted to the piston 32 of a? pivotally secured at 34 to a bracket 35 carried by or formed integrally with the sleeve 26 of the next adjacent bracket 25.

A platel 37 is pivotallysecured to each of the levers 23 adjacent the intermediate part thereof by the bolt 38 and tothis plate are secured inwardly extending arms 39 and 40 of cylindrical form, these arms being provided adjacent their inner ends with enlargements 41 and 42 adapted to engage the journal bearings or boxes 13 previously referred to. Spacer members 43 may be employed as desired between the lever 23 and the plate 37. The pivotal connection of the platae or evener 37 with the lever v23 permits the members 39 and 40 to adjust themselves to some extent so that the pressure will be evenly applied to the roll necks.

It will be understood 'that the levers 23 and associated parts are arranged at both ends of the rolls or upon both end stands, as shown in Fig. 2, so that pressure may be applied to the roll necks at both ends of each of the rolls and, as will be described below, the pressures may be individually applied so that the desired amount may be applied to each of the roll necks independently of that applied to the others. It will be seen that when pressure is admitted to the cylinders 33, above the pistons, the pistons 32 will be urged downwardly and the adjacent ends of the levers 23 also urged downwardly. As the other end of each of the levers is provided with a fixed pivot, the end thereof connected with the piston of the adjacent cylinder will be moved downwardly to provide downward pressure upon the roll necks.

As shown diagramatically in Fig. 7 of the drawings, each of the cylinders 33 is connected by pressure lines 44 and 4'5 through a valve 46 to a main conduit 47 leading to a source of fluid pressure. Each valve 46 is individual to one of the cylinders so that the pressure in that cylinder may be regulated as desired, the pressure being indicated by the gauge 4S. It will thus be seen that the pressure in each of the cylinders may be regulated independently of that in the others so as to apply pressure independently to the various rolls of the stack.

In Fig. 6 of the drawings there is illustrated in somey what exaggerated form the condition of the rolls of a calender when downward pressure is applied thereto. In some instances, when working with different materials, diierent pressures are desired, and for this and other reasons it is desirable to use rolls With different degrees ofV crown. As will be seen with the present invention, it is unnecessary to change rolls in order to get the proper crown as this can in eifect be obtained by applying more or less bending pressure to the upper rolls. For example, in Fig. 6 it may be assumed that the king roll 22 has too great a crown so that the weight of the upper rolls and the pressure thereon is not suicient to ca use uniform contact between this roll and the one next above. Therefore, pressure is applied downwardly upon the journal bearings of the upper rolls as indicated by the arrows 50, thus, by reason of the fact that the journals are slidable in the end stands, causing these rolls to bend downwardly at their ends, as shown, so as to in effect bring about a nesting of the rolls. This will provide even and uniform nip pressures between the various rolls of the stack and particularly so in view of the fact that the pressure applied to each of the rolls may be adjusted independently of that applied to the other rolls.

In Fig. 8 of the drawings there is shown an example in which the lower roll has too small a crown or when it is desired for some other reason to take at least a part ofthe weight of the upper rolls off the lower roll. In this instance the members 39 and 41 are disposed in position to engage the lower surfaces of the journal bearings and apply a lifting pressure thereto. This will tend to support the ends of the rollsand permit the intermediate portion vto bend downwardly as shown and thus secureeven andv uniform pressure on the material passing, betvveert the. rolls when the lowerl roll has tool smallV a crown or when the pressure of 'the upper rolls is too great.

While I have shown and described some preferred embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that it is not to be limited to all of the details shown, but is capable of modication and variation within the spirit of the invention and withinthe scope of the claims.

What I claim is:

1. A calender comprising end stands, journal boxes mounted fer sliding, substantially vertical movement in Said stands, a plurelitvot superposed` rolls, each having end portions rotatably mounted in corresponding Vpairs of journal boxes, hydraulic means for applying pressure to said journal boxes in a vertical direction, said means applying pressure to. the journal boxes of each roll individually, said means comprising brackets, one secured to the end stand at each side of the roll, a lever pivoted at one end to the bracket on one side and extending past the journal on the outer side thereof, a piston and cylinder structure carried by the vbracket on 4the other side of the roll and connected to said lever, means to supply pressure lluid to said cylinder, a plate pivoted to the lever to oscillate about a horizontal axis, and arms carried by said plate and projecting inwardly to be disposed between the superposed journal boxes to apply pressure thereto.

2. A calender construction comprising a plurality of superposed rolls, journal boxes at each end of each of the rolls in which the ends of the rolls are rotatably mounted, end stands in which the journal boxes are slidably mounted, means associated with each of said journal boxes to exert pressure thereon in `a substantial-ly vertical direction, said means comprising a -lever having one end pivoted to one of the end stands on the outer side thereof,

. one for each end of each of said rolls, hydraulic means for actuating said levers, and pressure-applying members carried by the levers and projecting therefrom to engage` the journal boxes, means for controlling the hydraulic means for the levers of one roll independently of those for the other rolls, an evener element pivoted to each of the levers, and said pressure-applying members beingv ing pressure to the journal boxes in each of said endV stands and in a vertical direction, said means comprising a plurality of brackets secured to the end stand at each side of the journal boxes therein, the brackets on one side being in staggered relation with respect to those on the other side, a plurality of levers extending past the journal boxes on the outer sides thereof, each of said levers having one end pivoted to one of said brackets onv one side of the associated journal box, a piston andcylinder structure carried by a bracket on the other side of the journal box and connected to the other end of said lever, means to supply uid pressure to each cylin der, and means on each of the levers engaging the asso-- ciated journal box to apply pressure thereto.

4. A calender comprising end stands, journal boxes mounted for sliding substantially vertical movement insaid stands, a plurality of superposed rolls, each having its end portions rotatably mounted in corresponding pairs of journal boxes, hydraulic meansY for individually ap-I plying pressure to the journal boxes in each of said end stands and in a vertical direction, said means comprising a plurality of brackets secured to the end stand at each side of the journal boxes therein, the brackets on one side being in staggered relation with respect to those on the other side, a plurality o f levers extending past thev journal boxes on'the outer sides thereof, each of said le.-` vers having one, end pivotedto one of said brackets on one-side o f the associated journal box, a piston and cylinf'; `der structure carried by a bracket on the` other side.-

of the journal box and connected tothe other end of said lever, means to supply uid pressure to each cylinder, and means on each of the levers engaging the associated journal box to apply pressure thereto, said lastnamed means comprising arms carried by the lever and projecting inwardly between the superposed journal boxes to apply pressure thereto.

5. A calender comprising end stands, journal boxes mounted for sliding substantially vertical movement in said stands, a plurality of superposed rolls, each having end portions rotatably mounted in corresponding pairs of journal boxes, hydraulic means for applying pressure to said journal boxes in a vertical direction, said means applying pressure to the journal boxes of each roll individually, said means comprising brackets, one secured to the end stand at each side of the roll, a lever pivoted at one end to the bracket on one side and extending past the journal on the outer side thereof, a piston and cylinder structure carried by the bracket on the other side of the roll and connected to said lever, means to supply pressure Huid to said cylinder, means on said lever engaging the associated journal box to apply pressure thereto, and certain of said brackets supporting the piston and cylinder structure for one lever and furnishing the pivotal support for the adjacent end of an adjacent lever.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,575,539 Butterworth Mar. 2, 1926 1,934,233 Malkin Nov. 7, 1933 2,138,397 Cannity Nov. 29, 1938 2,312,726 Munro Mar. 2, 1943 2,578,594 Putnam Dec. 11, 1951 2,850,952 Hornbostel Sept. 9, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 109,416 Great Britain Sept. 13, 1917 440,634 Great Britain Jan. 2, 1936 843,687 Germany July 10, 1952 

